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Causative Factors Analysis of Passenger Vessel Accidents in Inland Waterways of Bangladesh
(Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE), Islamic University of Technology (IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur-1704, Bangladesh, 2025-10-25) Alam, Md. Ridwan Bin
Bangladesh is a South Asian country that relies heavily on inland waterways as one of its primary modes of transportation. Locally available passenger-carrying vessels, such as launches, ferries, trawlers, speedboats, and country boats, are commonly used to cross rivers and travel between regions connected by waterways. While this mode of transportation is the most economical and environmentally friendly, it is often regarded as unsafe due to the severe accidents that pose significant risks to passengers’ lives. To mitigate the dangers associated with inland waterway passenger vessel accidents, it is essential to identify the underlying factors contributing to the causes and severity of these incidents. This study investigates the key factors related to inland waterway accidents, focusing on three core aspects: injury severity, the final condition of the vessel, and the causes of accidents. A dataset comprising 337 inland passenger vessel accidents between 1983 and 2017 was analyzed. Injury severity was categorized into three levels: no injury, injury, and fatal injury; vessel condition was classified as either sunk or afloat; and accident causes were divided into collision, overloading, storm, and other miscellaneous reasons. Three separate analyses were conducted, using the ordered probit model for injury severity, the binary logit model for the final condition of the vessel, and the multinomial logit model for the causes of accidents. Mixed-coefficients models were also employed in each study to identify the presence of heterogeneity across observations. Additionally, marginal effect analyses were performed to quantify the effect of a change in an independent variable on the dependent variables injury severity, final condition of vessel, and accident causes. xi The timing, route and cause of the accident; vessel dimensions and condition after the accident; master’s qualifications; and collision type were all significantly associated with injury severity. Furthermore, higher age of vessels, high number of passengers and lack of navigational tools contributed to vessel sinking. Factors related to collision-prone accidents were closely associated with the presence of navigation equipment, the number of vessels and an operator’s recognition regarding responsibilities, while factors for storm-related accidents were based on seasonal patterns and lack of experienced operators. Such findings can provide a comprehensive outlook for the dynamics of inland waterway accidents in Bangladesh and policy recommendations. One of the preconditions for safer and secure Inland Waterway Transportation in countries like Bangladesh is that all existing vessels should be regulated to ensure compliance with strictly enforced safety standard, design accessibility requirements as well as regulation (including age regulations). The enhancement of crew skills, strict application of the capacity limitation for vessels and reinforcement of emergency response can greatly reduce the damage caused by accidents. Furthermore, specific enforced measures on high-risk sections such as during the monsoon season could be aimed to reduce fatal casualties and improve overall accident situation.
Evaluation of Moisture Sensitivity of Hot Mix Asphalt Using Different Types of Materials and Additives.
(Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering(CEE), Islamic University of Technology (IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur-1704, Bangladesh., 2025-10-25) Amin, Munshi Ruhul
The damage due to moisture to asphalt concrete is a major concern, particularly in regions with high annual precipitation like Bangladesh. Stripping, or the loss of bitumen's adherence to aggregate particles is a frequent deterioration of bituminous pavement that is made worse by factors affecting like aggregate type, traffic loads, bitumen characteristics. It has been common practice to reduce moisture-related damage in hot mix asphalt (HMA) by adding liquid antistripping agents or mineral antistripping additives. This study evaluates the moisture sensitivity of HMA using two commonly used aggregates in Bangladesh’s road construction are Source-A Stone Aggregate and Source-B Stone Aggregate and investigates the effect of two liquid antistripping additives, Type-A (Aminosilane) and Type-B (fatty polyamine condensate) and a mineral filler (cement) on the Moisture susceptibility of HMA. The research focuses on improvement of moisture susceptibility of HMA using those aggregate and Mixes were prepared with 0.06% Type-A, 0.1% Type-B and 1% cement as mineral filler and their performance was assessed using the indirect tensile strength (ITS) and Tensile strength (TSR) tests. The results demonstrated improved moisture resistance for all additive-modified mixes compared to control samples, with TSR values increasing by 27%, 16% and 13% for cement, Type-A and Type-B additives, respectively. Cement filler exhibits the highest efficacy in enhancing moisture resistance, suggesting its significant potential for mitigating moisture damage in asphalt pavements. The findings highlight the importance of selecting appropriate additive systems to enhance the durability and performance of HMA in moisture-prone regions. The findings also provide valuable insights into interaction between commonly used materials and additives, offering practical solution for designing durable asphalt pavements in Bangladesh. Keywords: Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA), moisture-induced damage, cement, mineral filler, liquid anti-stripping additives, Source-A Stone Aggregate, Source-B Stone Aggregate, Asphalt durability, moisture resistance, moisture susceptibility, indirect tensile strength (ITS), and tensile strength ratio (TSR).
Development of a Low-cost Jute Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Composites Using Locally Available Ingredients
(Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE), Islamic University of Technology (IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur-1704, Bangladesh., 2025-10-25) Rahman, Md. Atiqur
The objective of this research is to develop a cost-efficient, optimized Jute Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Composites (JFRCCs) by incorporating locally available constituents and industrial by-products. This study utilized OPC, fly ash, processed sand, jute fibre, and superplasticizer as constituent materials. The experimental program was conducted in three sequential phases. Phase I investigation focused on identifying the influence of mixing components like water-to-binder proportion (W/B), sand-to-binder proportion (S/B), fly ash-to-cement proportion (FA/C), and jute fibre length on compressive strength and determining their suitable range for Phase II investigation. In Phase II investigation, a Full Factorial statistical design of experiments was employed, focusing on four key mixing parameters: W/B, S/B, FA/C, and jute fibre content. From the Phase I investigation, these mixing parameters were set within their specific lower and upper limits as W/B (0.26 and 0.29), FA/C (1.2 and 2.0), S/B (0.3 and 0.5), and jute content (0.5 % and 1.0 %). A total of 16 mixes were designed and for each mixes, compressive strength, peak strain, splitting tensile strength, and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) were investigated at 28 days of casting. The findings indicated that the developed JFRCCs satisfied the minimum standards for residential concrete as per ACI 318. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was also conducted for all mixes which revealed that emitted CO2 from material, transport, and mixture varies from 458 kg/m3 to 668 kg/m3. Following statistical analysis of the experimental data and material costs for 16 mixes, optimized mix proportion for proposed composites was established via a multi-objective desirability approach implemented in Minitab software. The regression and ANOVA analyses revealed high model accuracy and significance for compressive strength, tensile strength, UPV, and XVIII material cost, though not for peak strain. The effect of individual mix proportions on mechanical characteristics and cost-effectiveness of cementitious composites was evaluated before the implementation of the multi-objective desirability approach. With a desirability score of 0.9614, the optimized mix ratio consisted of a W/B of 0.26, FA/C of 1.68, S/B of 0.50, and a jute content of 0.63%, achieving a compressive strength of 35 MPa and a splitting tensile strength of 4 MPa, while simultaneously maximizing peak strain and UPV, and minimizing material cost. Following mix optimization, the Phase III investigation on optimized JFRCCs revealed that both water curing and wet curing methods demonstrated greater compressive behaviour compared with natural curing, indicating critical role of adequate moisture in enhancing hydration and overall performance. Furthermore, during the flexural behaviour assessment, the predominantly brittle failure mode highlighted the necessity for further optimization of the composite mix design and fibre content in order to achieve the desired ductility. Under thermal exposure, JFRCCs exhibited superior resistance compared to conventional concrete, with compressive strength maximizing at 400 °C before declining significantly due to thermal degradation of fibre and matrix dehydration. Microstructural analysis supported these findings by revealing changes in internal structure across different thermal conditions. The study concludes that optimized JFRCCs offer promising potential as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material, exhibiting adequate mechanical and thermal performances.
Future projection of climate extremes in Bangladesh Insights from CMIP6 Multi-Model Ensemble
(Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering(CEE), Islamic University of Technology Gazipur-1704, Bangladesh, 2025-10-25) Nazrul, Fuad Bin
Bangladesh is increasingly vulnerable to extreme climate events, which are significant threats to the environmental and social resilience. This study investigates future changes in climate extreme indices over Bangladesh (including temperature and precipitation extremes) based on ETCCDI (Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices) indices. For the assessment of future temperature and precipitation extremes, a Multi-Model Ensemble approach was carried out for 18 bias-corrected Global Climate Models (GCMs) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Projections were made for near future (2015–2044), mid future (2045–2074), and far future (2075–2100) scenarios, following the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) SSP1-2. 6, SSP2-4. 5, and SSP5-8. 5 (bias-corrected) and validated against the fifth generation of ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA5). A comparison with a historical baseline period (1985–2014) revealed substantial regional disparities in projected climate extremes. By integrating these advanced tools, the research aims to provide a spatially and temporally detailed assessment of future climate extremes, contributing valuable insights to support evidence-based adaptation planning and policy formulation for enhancing climate resilience in Bangladesh. Specially under SSP5-8.5, the results suggest that the period 2075-2100 is expected to experience the highest precipitation and temperature extremes, with an annual maximum temperature (TXx) increase of 5.12°C and an annual minimum temperature (TNn) of 5.49°C. The southwestern region is projected to experience relatively fewer extreme temperature events than other areas, with the most significant warming occurring in the south-to-southeast corridor rather than the lower part of Bangladesh in all future scenarios. Warm spells, like Summer Days (SU), are expected to rise even more up to 84 days with more influence the northeastern region in the very far future. Under all SSPs, Consecutive Dry Days (CDD) are anticipated to reduce substantially, particularly in the north to northwestern part of Bangladesh, due to a pronounced increase in annual total precipitation percentage in the northwest. However, very heavy precipitation days (R20 mm) are projected to increase in the north to northeast, up to approximately 18 days under SSP5-8.5. This study reveals significant spatial differences in temperature and precipitation extreme indices, with a forecasted rise in both the strength and frequency of climate extremes over time. xvi These insights highlight significant requirements for the development of focused adaptation strategies to enhance resilience in regions vulnerable to emerging climate risks in Bangladesh. The findings emphasize the necessity for climate adaptation policies, including improved flood management, heat adaptation strategies, and climate-resilient agricultural practices. Future research should focus on refining climate model projections and integrating socio-economic factors to develop comprehensive adaptation strategies for Bangladesh’s most vulnerable regions.
Compressive Behaviour of Discontinuous Double Steel Tube Confined Concrete Column
(Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering(CEE), Islamic University of Technology (IUT), Board bazar, Gazipur-1704. bangladesh, 2025-10-25) Sakib, Ann Nazmun
In this study, a new type of concrete filled tube (CFT) column knowns as discontinuous double steel tube confined concrete (DDSTCC) columns were investigated for compressive behaviour through numerical simulations and analytical modelling. Unlike conventional concrete filled steel tube (CFST) and concrete filled double steel tube (CFDST) columns, the DDSTCC column consists of inner continuous steel tube and outer discontinuous steel tube with infilled inner and sandwich concrete. The discontinuous outer steel tube enhances the confinement, higher than the continuous tube, thereby improving load bearing capacity and buckling behaviour. The numerical simulation was carried out using ABAQUS, incorporating both material and geometric nonlinearities. First, the accuracy of the finite element (FE) models was validated against experimental data in terms of load-displacement, peak loads, and failure behaviour. Then, a three-stage parametric study was conducted considering key parameters such as thickness of steel tubes, diameter of inner tube, height, strength of materials and loading eccentricity. Regarding stub and full-scale slender column, using high strength outer steel and sandwich concrete could significantly improves axial strength 20% to 24% while increasing the diameter of inner tube improves post peak stability. However, for eccentrically loaded column the moment capacity and buckling resistance was influence by thickness and diameter of inner steel tube. In terms of failure pattern, slender DDSTCC columns exhibited C-shaped buckling, with failure primarily influenced by global instability while eccentrically loaded column shows localized failure. The existing design standards EC4, GB 50936–2014, and DBJ/T 13 51-2010 applicable for CFST column fails to fully capture the unique confinement effects of DDSTCC columns. Thus, a modified analytical formula was developed, xiv achieving mean test-to-predicted strength ratios of 1.02 (stub) and 0.95 (full-scale) with a partial safety factor of 0.98. A comparative analysis shows that the proposed formula demonstrates a better predictive accuracy and material efficiency than other design standards. Thus, the DDSTCC columns could be a viable option for high-rise and large-span structures due to its superior confinement, enhanced compressive behaviour with stable buckling failure pattern. The findings of this study provide valuable design guideline which could shed light into the applicability of this column and guide the day-to-day design practitioners for high rise construction.